Put every claim on trial.

The model is built, but its claims are untested. Calibrate sampling uncertainty, challenge individual and joint restrictions, and deliver a verdict that separates evidence from proof.

MISSION OBJECTIVES

Explain sampling distributions, standard errors, and residual degrees of freedom.
Formulate one- and two-sided coefficient hypotheses.
Calculate and interpret t statistics, p-values, and confidence intervals.
Test coefficient equality and multiple linear restrictions.
Interpret joint and overall F tests and report results transparently.